Utilization of Industrial By-Products in Quaternary Concrete

Abstract

Experiments on the effect of mechanical properties of quaternary concrete, prepared using various supplementary cementitious materials (Fly Ash, Silica Fume, GGBFS, Metakaolin) was carried out. Concrete having only binder material as OPC, is compared with the quaternary concrete made from SCMs because of the smaller particle size and its pozzolanic nature. Adding to that, SCMs are by-products that can efficiently reduce material cost and enhance concrete properties. This experiment shows the outcomes on investigation carried out to evaluate the effect of Class C fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), Silica Fume (SF), and Metakaolin (MK) on the strength and microstructure of M40 Grade concrete. Laboratory testing of multiple mixes with different combination and percentage of SCMs is prepared. SCMs were mixed in pre-determined proportions by replacing 30–50% of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by weight. The water/binder ratio and total cementitious materials for M40 grade quaternary mix were kept constant for all mixes at 0.38 and 440 kg/m³ respectively as suggested in Indian Standards Code.