Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

External Corrosion of Ductile Iron Pipes Due To Contaminated Soils

A. Y. Abdulfatah, Ashraf El- Hamalawi, Andrew D. Wheatley, Aminaton BT. Marto

Abstract


An experimental study is conducted to determine the interaction/exchange between metals in contaminated soils and those in metallic water pipes. Experimentation was carried out on two-100 mm diameter (ductile iron pipe) DIP sections, buried in soil and subjected to artificial rainwater (ARW) representing three years’ rainfall. The backfill soil was contaminated with controlled concentrations of heavy metals; they were Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb).  These were then allowed to seep through the soil to the pipe external surfaces.  The iron released from the pipe was then determined in the drainage. Copper exerted the strongest reaction releasing 2.49 g F3/m length of one pipe, lead had the least effect.  It was concluded that ion exchange at the surface was an important corrosion mechanism and the activity was a function of the metals position in the electrochemical series.  A correlation between the extent of contamination and the amount of metals in the collected runoff was also obtained.


Full Text:

PDF

References


OfWAT (2005), Financial performance and expenditure of the water companies in England and Wales: 2004-2005. Ofwat, Birmingham.

AWWA 2007, Distribution System Inventory, Integrity and Water Quality, Total Coliform Rule (TCR). Issue Paper for EPA, Washington DC Accessed April 14, 2008.

Rajani, B & MacDonald, S (1995), Water mains break data on different pipe materials for 1992 and 1993. Report No. A-7019.1, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, http://www.ipexinc.com/Content/EN_CA/4_0_Thermo_Today/4_3_Economie/Water_Mains_Break.pdf

Levlin, E 2004, Water and Waste Pipes, Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Web document (2004-12-15)

Water UK 2003, http://www.water.org.uk/home/resources-and-links/library/draft-business-plans/capital-ma-280803-1, visited on 24 Dec 2007

Rajani, B, Tesfamariam, S (2007). Estimating time to failure of cast-iron water mains, Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, 160, pg. 83-88.

Davis, P., Allan, I., Burn, S. & van de Graaff, R. 2003, 'Identifying trends in cast iron pipe failure with GIS maps of soil environments', Proceedings of conference on Pipes 2003 – Back to Basics: Design & Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia, 21–23 Oct. 2003 (CD ROM).

Rajani, B & Kleiner, Y 2001, Comprehensive review of structural deterioration of water mains: physically based models, Urban Water, Vol. 3, pg. 151-164.

Makar, JM 2000, A preliminary analysis of failures in grey cast iron water pipes, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 7, pg. 43-53.

Rajani, B & Kleiner, Y 2003, Protection of ductile iron water mains: what protection method works best for what soil condition? Journal of American Water Works Association, Vol. 95, no. 11, pg. 110-125.

Doyle, G, Seica, MV & Grabinsky, MWF 2003, The role of soil in the external corrosion of cast iron water mains in Toronto, Canada, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 40, pg. 225-236.

UK Water Industry Research (UKWIR) 2007, Retrieved: December 17, 2007.

Beasley, G & Kneale, P 2001, Macroinvertebrates, Heavy Metals and PAHs in Urban Watercourses, Working Paper 01/07, Department o Geography University of Leeds, UK.

Luker, M & Montague, K 1997, Control of Pollution from Highway Drainage Discharges, A CIRIA Reprint, Westminster, London.

Coduto, DP 1999, Geotechnical Engineering Principles and Practice, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey.

Sprenke, KF, Rember, WC, Bender, SF, Hoffmann, ML, Rabbi, F & Chamberlain, VE 2000, Toxic metal contamination in the lateral lakes of the Coeur d’Alene River valley, Idaho, Environmental Geology, Vol. 39, No. 6, pg. 575-585.

Razo, I, Carrizales, L, Castro, J, Diaz-Barriga, F & Monroy, M 2004, Arsenic and Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil, Water and Sediments in a Semi-Arid Climate Mining Area in Mexico, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 152, pg. 129-152.

Purohit, KK, Mukherjee, PK, Khanna, PP, Saini, NK & Rathi, MS 2001, Heavy metal distribution and environmental status of Doon Valley soils, Outer Himalaya, India, Environmental Geology, Vol. 40, no. 6, pg. 716-724.

Weng, H & Chen, X 2000, Impact of polluted canal water on adjacent soil and groundwater systems, Environmental Geology, Vol. 39, no. 8, pg. 945-950.

BS EN 545: 2006. Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water pipelines: Requirements and Methods.

Osella, A, Favetto, A & Lopez, E 1998, Current induced by geomagnetic storms on buried pipelines as a cause of corrosion, Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 38, pg. 219-233.

USEPA (2001). Environmental Pollution and Disease, Retrieved: June 03, 2005, from http://www.epa.org/indicators/roe/html/roeHealthMe.html-37k.

World Health Organisation (WHO) 2004, Guidelines for drinking water quality, Vol. 1, 3rd edition.

Carrington, E.G., Davis, R.D. and Pike E.B. (1998). “Review of the Scientific Evidence Relating to the Controls on the Agricultural Use of Sewage Sludge”, Final report to the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, Department of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the UK Water Industry Research Limited. Report No: DETR 4415/3.

Mary, A. H. F. (Managing Editor) (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 21st Edition, APHA, Washington.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.