Review Paper on Quantum Technology for Use with Optical Fiber

Abstract

As in our day to day life communication has become very vital. Its importance has increased so much, that it has become vital for our survival. Moreover, information is dependent on physical system upon which it is processed and by which is carried. If we talk about optical communication, it can be thought as form of colored smoke signals. Today's we are covering our planet in a network of optical fibers. In this paper, our research is based on quantum technology where each particle is described by a quantum wave function characterizing the state of the system. The ability to generate, manipulate, transmit and detect a single or very few photon(s) may open new routes that can trigger a completely new generation of communication systems. Scientists at Dutch University have conducted an experiment that proves one of the most radical claims of quantum theory called “entanglement”, which Einstein famously rejected. This is a property in which objects separated by great distance can interact and instantaneously affect each other’s behavior. The experiment also proves subatomic particles do not take form until they are observed. It shows that quantum technologies can address two of the more challenging problems communication engineers face nowadays: capacity and security. Indeed, by radically decreasing the number of photons used to encode each bit of information, we can more efficiently explore the full capacity to carry information of optical fibers.